According to Greek tradition, he helped Cretan or Arcadian colonists found the city of Troy. The crew was awed into submission and followed a course that led the ship to Delphi. Soon after his return, Apollo needed to recruit people to Delphi. Pindar's Paeans: A Reading of the Fragments with a Survey of the Genre, The Uses of Greek Mythology By Ken Dowden, Benjamin Acosta-Hughes, Luigi Lehnus, Susan Stephens -, Apollonius Rhodius. Which were the sacred plants of Apollo? Apollo Symbol List What Are The Symbols of Apollo? Joseph Fontenrose, "Apollo and Sol in the Latin poets of the first century BC", Wiliam Smith. Apollo hung Marsyas from a tree to flay him. What things are sacred to Apollo? [9] The name of Apollo's mother Leto has Lydian origin, and she was worshipped on the coasts of Asia Minor. Apollo, the Greek wolf god of the Sun, healing, archery, poetry and more. During his stay in Troy, Apollo had a lover named Ourea, who was a nymph and daughter of Poseidon. In cult practice, Delian Apollo and Pythian Apollo (the Apollo of Delphi) were so distinct that they might both have shrines in the same locality. He is a frequent guest of the Bacchanalia, and many ancient ceramics depict him being at ease amidst the maenads and satyrs. Further, Apollo saved the king from Artemis' wrath and also convinced the Moirai to postpone Admetus' death once. [363][364], The earliest examples of life-sized statues of Apollo may be two figures from the Ionic sanctuary on the island of Delos. [91] Rudra could bring diseases with his arrows, but he was able to free people of them and his alternative Shiva is a healer physician god. [246][247] During his exile, which lasted either for one year or nine years,[248] Apollo served Admetus as a herdsman. "Symbols of the Greek God Apollo." Amphion, at the sight of his dead sons, either killed himself or was killed by Apollo after swearing revenge. Zeus made her choose between them, and she chose Idas on the grounds that Apollo, being immortal, would tire of her when she grew old.[330]. In Archaic Greece he was the prophet, the oracular god who in older times was connected with "healing". G. Shipley, "The Extent of Spartan Territory in the Late Classical and Hellenistic Periods", "Apollo: Bringer of Wisdom"/"Dionysus: Bringer of Love", Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, "Apollon Delphinios Apollon Didymeus: Zwei Gesichter eines milesischen Gottes und ihr Bezug zur Kolonisation Milets in archaischer Zeit", "Meaning, Origin and History of the Name Apollo", Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Pausanias, Description of Greece, 3.25.3, "Apollo | Facts, Symbols, Powers, & Myths | Britannica", "The Archaeological Exploration of Sardis", Diodorus Siculus, Library 1-7, 5.77.5 - GR, Hellenic Ministry of culture, Temple of Apollo Daphnephoros, Hellenic Ministry of Culture: The Temple of Epicurean Apollo, Ministry of culture. During the war, the Greek king Agamemnon captured Chryseis, the daughter of Apollo's priest Chryses, and refused to return her. Apollo has been adopted by Romans, too, therefore, he went by the same name in Roman mythology. Chiron would later become a great teacher himself. [341], In the Trojan war, as Zeus' executive, Apollo is seen holding the aegis like Athena usually does. Apollo then played his lyre and sang at the same time, mesmerising the audience. Finally, the voice of unborn Apollo informed his mother about a floating island named Delos that had once been Asteria, Leto's own sister. [147][148] His absence from the world caused coldness and this was marked as his annual death. He hung the chopped off heads to an oak tree. Among the warriors was Aristaeus, Apollo's son. What of his lyre that flashes gold, gleams white with ivory, and shimmers with rainbow gems? This is what we call navel today. Once all ravens were white birds or so goes the myth, but after delivering bad news to the god he scorched the wings of the raven so that all ravens going forward were black. [384] Psychologist Carl Jung's Apollo archetype represents what he saw as the disposition in people to over-intellectualise and maintain emotional distance.[385]. Apollo, transferred the Priests from Crete to his holiest temple turning himself into a dolphin. Once Pan had the audacity to compare his music with that of Apollo and to challenge the god of music to a contest. Nom P. 48. f-Aristoph. Aristaeus was placed under the care of Chiron after his birth. Apollo functions as the patron and protector of sailors, one of the duties he shares with Poseidon. But Apollo replied that since Marsyas played the flute, which needed air blown from the throat, it was similar to singing, and that either they both should get an equal chance to combine their skills or none of them should use their mouths at all. Water from this spring was sacred; it was used to clean the Delphian temples and inspire the priestesses.[331]. The statues of Apollo embody beauty, balance and inspire awe before the beauty of the world. Hera is the eldest daughter of the titans, Cronus and Rhea. [94][95] Apollo's cult was already fully established when written sources commenced, about 650 BCE. Apollo[a] is one of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. Hesychius connects the name Apollo with the Doric (apella), which means "assembly", so that Apollo would be the god of political life, and he also gives the explanation (sekos), "fold", in which case Apollo would be the god of flocks and herds. [386], This article is about the Greek and Roman god. Sponsored by Trust Inform Why do I need more omega-3s in my diet? Online version at the Topos Text Project. Apollo killed the giants Python and Tityos, who had assaulted his mother Leto. Apollo also buried in Hyperborea the arrow which he had used to kill the Cyclopes. [80], Homer pictures Apollo on the side of the Trojans, fighting against the Achaeans, during the Trojan War. Because Python was a child of Gaia, Gaia wanted Apollo to be banished to Tartarus as a punishment. [220] They even dared to seek the hand of Hera and Artemis in marriage. While none of the Greek originals have survived, several Roman copies from approximately the late 1st or early 2nd century exist. To deliver the city from it, Laomedon had to sacrifice his daughter Hesione (who would later be saved by Heracles). [233] The myth explains the origin of the laurel and connection of Apollo with the laurel and its leaves, which his priestess employed at Delphi. Coronis was daughter of Phlegyas, King of the Lapiths. He oversees their education and their passage into adulthood. A detailed account of Apollo's conflict with Gaia and Zeus' intervention on behalf of his young son is also given. Athena was the principle goddess of Athens, Apollo was the principle god of Sparta. [15] Plato in Cratylus connects the name with (apolysis), "redemption", with (apolousis), "purification", and with ([h]aploun), "simple",[16] in particular in reference to the Thessalian form of the name, , and finally with (aeiballon), "ever-shooting". Apollo adopted Carnus, the abandoned son of Zeus and Europa. Chiron, the abandoned centaur, was fostered by Apollo, who instructed him in medicine, prophecy, archery and more. "Helios", in. Pythia is arguably the constant favorite of Apollo among the mortals. The Nemean Lion. Molpadia's name was changed to Hemithea upon her deification. [74] However it can explain only the Doric type of the name, which is connected with the Ancient Macedonian word "pella" (Pella), stone. But Theresa is particularly taken with the butterfly with the striking red dots on its black and white wings. [140] Swans circled the island seven times and the nymphs sang in delight. [243] He was later resurrected and taken to heaven. [149] He returned to the world during the beginning of the spring. Python, a chthonic serpent-dragon, was a child of Gaia and the guardian of the Delphic Oracle, whose death was foretold by Apollo when he was still in Leto's womb. What Are The Sacred Animals Of Apollo/Apollon? She fled from him and dove into the spring at Delphi, at the base of Mt. [347] During the Second Punic War in 212 BCE, the Ludi Apollinares ("Apollonian Games") were instituted in his honor, on the instructions of a prophecy attributed to one Marcius. Friedrich Nietzsche argued that a fusion of the two was most desirable. Apollo wished to court her. Apollo also demanded that all other methods of divination be made inferior to his, a wish that Zeus granted him readily. Animals sacred to Apollo included wolves, dolphins, roe deer, swans, cicadas (symbolizing music and song), ravens, hawks, crows (Apollo had hawks and crows as his messengers),[354] snakes (referencing Apollo's function as the god of prophecy), mice and griffins, mythical eaglelion hybrids of Eastern origin. Apollo gives an order through the Oracle at Delphi that Agamemnon's son, Orestes, is to kill Clytemnestra and Aegisthus, her lover. [253], Apollo sired many children, from mortal women and nymphs as well as the goddesses. [148] Niobe was the queen of Thebes and wife of Amphion. In literary contexts, Apollo represents harmony, order, and reasoncharacteristics contrasted with those of Dionysus, god of wine, who represents ecstasy and disorder. As the myth goes, Cronus learned of a prophecy in which he was fated to be overthrown by one of his children. [174] Other versions make both Apollo and Poseidon the builders of the wall. I 3, 4. She displayed hubris when she boasted that she was superior to Leto because she had fourteen children (Niobids), seven male and seven female, while Leto had only two. Cyrene was a Thessalian princess whom Apollo loved. The terrible god is called "the archer" and the bow is also an attribute of Shiva. The earliest Greek word for a statue is "delight" (, agalma), and the sculptors tried to create forms which would inspire such guiding vision. [164] According to a variation, Apollo had also travelled to Crete, where Carmanor purified him. Wilderness and animals Ajesit. Later, when Creusa left Ion to die in the wild, Apollo asked Hermes to save the child and bring him to the oracle at Delphi, where he was raised by a priestess. He was disliked by both parents. [154], In his early years when Apollo spent his time herding cows, he was reared by Thriae, the bee nymphs, who trained him and enhanced his prophetic skills. Apollo had also once convinced Athena to stop the war for that day, so that the warriors can relieve themselves for a while. He was the God of the arts, music, healing, purification, prophecy, oracles, plague, poetry, civilization, the sun, truth, intelligence, logic, reason, and archery, he also showed men the art of medicine. Though she has nothing to do with oracles, music or poetry, she sometimes led the female chorus on Olympus while Apollo sang. Most of them were trained by Apollo himself. During his absence, Delphi was under the care of Dionysus, and no prophecies were given during winters. He was ambushed and killed by Achilleus, and Apollo avenged his death by killing Achilles. It was present in the sanctuary of Apollo Leukates. His intimate connection to wolves is evident from his epithet Lyceus, meaning wolf-like. The historic Greek metropolis of Delphi, situated on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, was residence to the primary Temple of Apollo and the famend Oracle of Delphi . One of Apollo's most important daily tasks was . In fact they used to exchange live hares as gifts of love. When Apollo spotted a ship of Cretan sailors that was caught in a storm, he quickly assumed the shape of a dolphin and guided their ship safely to Delphi. A war broke out between the Brygoi and the Thesprotians, who had the support of Odysseus. The bow and arrow symbol is also a reference to Apollo as the god of plagues who shot plague arrows at the enemy during the Trojan war. Apollo fell in love with the instrument and offered to exchange the cattle for the lyre. [225] He rides on the back of a swan to the land of the Hyperboreans during the winter months, and the absence of warmth in winters is due to his departure. The lyrewhich is perhaps his most well-known symbolsignifies that Apollo is the god of music. What was Athena's sacred animal? By their union, she became mother of Chaeron, who was famed as "the tamer of horses". In the traditionally Celtic lands, he was most often seen as a healing and sun god. [137] Since it was neither a mainland nor an island, Leto was readily welcomed there and gave birth to her children under a palm tree. Well Known Greek God Names with their Symbols, Attributes and Sacred Animals Greek God Names of the Olympian Gods Apollo - Apollo is known to be the God of the Sun. Horse is strongly associated with her. Zeus considered Apollo's words and agreed to let him live. [143][144] This island became sacred to Apollo and was one of the major cult centres of the god. [209], During the Trojan War, Odysseus came to the Trojan camp to return Chriseis, the daughter of Apollo's priest Chryses, and brought many offerings to Apollo. Apollo then enveloped Aeneas in a cloud to protect him. Angered by this, Apollo shot arrows infected with the plague into the Greek encampment. Apollo promises to protect Orestes, as Orestes has become Apollo's supplicant. It was so beautiful that Tmolus at once awarded the victory to Apollo, and everyone was pleased with the judgement. Thus, dolphins are considered to the brightest of all animals and at the same time aware of the unseen. Only then would Alcides be absolved of his sin. He is associated with dominion over colonists. Otis and Ephialtes even dared to scale Mount Olympus. The rays of light that radiate from Apollo's head symbolize that he is the god of the sun. He fathered the Corybantes by the Muse Thalia,[234] Orpheus by Calliope, Linus of Thrace by Calliope or Urania and Hymenaios (Hymen) by one of the Muses. Angered by the unpaid labour and the insults, Apollo infected the city with a pestilence and Posedion sent the sea monster Cetus. The Twelve Olympian Gods and Goddesses of Greek Mythology, Fast Facts on Helios - Greek God of the Sun, Hermes - A Thief, Inventor, and Messenger God, Classic Greek Mythology: Stories from Ovid's Metamorphoses, M.A., Linguistics, University of Minnesota. Apollo turned their heads and necks around towards their wounds, he pulled together their skin at the abdomen, and sewed the skin together at the middle of it. In her earliest depictions she was accompanied by the "Master of the animals", a bow-wielding god of hunting whose name has been lost; aspects of this figure may have been absorbed into the more popular Apollo. Diana. Seeing his plight, Apollo pleaded Zeus to release the kind Titan, while Artemis and Leto stood behind him with tears in their eyes. Oracular sanctuaries to Apollo were established in other sites. (Some storytellers say that Zeus had fathered this magical beast as . Hecate, the goddess of witchcraft and magic, is the chthonic counterpart of Apollo. Aphrodite was furious with King Glaucus of Corinth as he did not appreciate her beauty. [33][89][90] All these functions, including the function of the healer-god Paean, who seems to have Mycenean origin, are fused in the cult of Apollo. She did so and was freed from her love. The Hyperborean worship of Apollo bears the strongest marks of Apollo being worshipped as the sun god. Vol I. pp. Apollo requited his affections and wanting to reward him, bestowed prophetic skills on him. Alternatively, Hera kidnapped Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, to prevent Leto from going into labor. In a frenzy of jealousy over Zeus' infidelity with Leda, Hera sent Python to chase Leto away: at the time, Leto was pregnant with the twins Apollo and Artemis, and their birth was delayed. Pleased with this, Apollo sent gentle breezes that helped Odysseus return safely to the Greek camp.[210]. Paean serves as the healer of the gods in the Iliad, and seems to have originated in a pre-Greek religion. The morning planet was called Apollo, and the one at evening Hermes/Mercury before they realised they were the same, thereupon the name 'Mercury/Hermes' was kept, and 'Apollo' was dropped. Angered by this, Apollo killed them by shooting them with arrows. Symbols of Friendship: The List of Modern And Ancient Friendship Symbols. In the cave, he found a tortoise and killed it, then removed the insides. He killed the Greek heroes Patroclus, Achilles, and numerous Greek soldiers. While they were asleep, the wine jar was broken by the swines their family kept. [184], Immediately after his birth, Apollo demanded a lyre and invented the paean, thus becoming the god of music. Delphi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Apollo Apollo, byname Phoebus, in Greco - Roman mythology, a deity of manifold function and meaning, one of the most widely revered and influential of all the ancient Greek and Roman gods. The national divinity of the Greeks, Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases, the Sun and light, poetry, and more. "[12][13] Apella () is the name of the popular assembly in Sparta,[12] corresponding to the ecclesia (). The contestants agreed to take turns displaying their skills and the rule was that the victor could "do whatever he wanted" to the loser. Homer illustrated Paeon the god and the song both of apotropaic thanksgiving or triumph. o Mother was a mortal woman that died in labor o Name means "to cut open" o Was able . Julian the Apostate (359361) tried to revive the Delphic oracle, but failed."[9]. This is why Apollo's most important name in the Cretan legends is Delphinius and his hereditary priests and priestesses of Pythia are the true oracles of Delphi. Growing up, Apollo was nursed by the nymphs Korythalia and Aletheia, the personification of truth. Like many of the Greek Gods, Apollo has many symbols. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Pythia, however, denied to give any prophesy. They were nicknamed Nete, Mese and Hypate after the highest, middle and lowest strings of his lyre. He shook his locks of hair, put an end to the night voices, and took away from mortals the truth that appears in darkness, and gave the privilege back again to Loxias. Evadne was a nymph daughter of Poseidon and a lover of Apollo. Apollo became extremely important to the Greek world as an oracular deity in the archaic period, and the frequency of theophoric names such as Apollodorus or Apollonios and cities named Apollonia testify to his popularity. [379], Apollo has appeared in many modern video games. On the other hand, Apollo also encouraged founding new towns and establishment of civil constitution. Cinyras promised to assist Agamemnon in the Trojan war, but did not keep his promise. In the Iliad, Apollo is the healer under the gods, but he is also the bringer of disease and death with his arrows, similar to the function of the Vedic god of disease Rudra. [136], When Zeus' wife Hera discovered that Leto was pregnant, she banned Leto from giving birth on terra firma. In later writers, the word, "paion", usually spelled "Paean", becomes a mere epithet of Apollo in his capacity as a god of healing. Martin Nilsson (1967). Apollo is the god who affords help and wards off evil; various epithets call him the "averter of evil". The nymphs decided that Apollo's argument was just. Apollo then brought her to the rock of Leukas and asked her to throw herself from the top of the rock. A Greek 5th-century red-figure hydria found in a cemetery of ancient Ainos (modern Enez, Turkey) depicts what is obviously a cultic scene, probably relative to the funerary rites performed for the burial of the deceased. But when Apollo came and sent Themis, the child of Earth, away from the holy oracle of Pytho, Earth gave birth to dream visions of the night; and they told to the cities of men the present, and what will happen in the future, through dark beds of sleep on the ground; and so Earth took the office of prophecy away from Phoebus, in envy, because of her daughter. According to Algonquian folklore, how does one transform into a Wendigo? Either way, Artemis was born first and then assisted with the birth of Apollo. The invention of archery itself is credited to Apollo and his sister Artemis. Arion began singing a song in praise of Apollo, seeking the god's help. Apollo is the Greek God of the sun, light, music, truth, healing, poetry, and prophesy, and one of the most well-known gods in Greek mythology. Captivated by the god's beauty, he kissed Apollo. Agamemnon cursed Cinyras. [202], Apollo flayed the limbs of Marsyas alive in a cave near Celaenae in Phrygia for his hubris to challenge a god. Apollo liked cowsbut he liked music more. 3-4, "The love-stories themselves were not told until later. This probably influenced the theory of numbers of Pythagoras, who believed that behind the appearance of things there was the permanent principle of mathematics.[99]. The violet remains a sacred flower to Cupid, and witches still use Violet in a variety of love spells and love potions. However, Apollo did not tolerate this and stopped Heracles; a duel ensued between them. She is also described in Greek mythology as "Goddess of the night", "Lady of the Beast", "Woodland Goddess" and "Phoebe," which translates as the bright one. Apollo's Sacred Animals And Plants Ravens, wolves, dolphins and swans were known as his sacred animals while larkspurs, cypress trees and laurels were Apollo's sacred plants. He then gave it to Sleep (Hypnos) and Death (Thanatos). Seen as the most beautiful god and the ideal of the kouros (ephebe, or a beardless, athletic youth). When Admetus wanted to marry princess Alcestis, Apollo provided a chariot pulled by a lion and a boar he had tamed. He was the god of healing, medicine, archery, music, poetry and the sun. As he was known as the god of oracles and prophecy, he was believed to play a powerful role in shaping the course of events in ancient Greece. Hyperborea, the mystical land of eternal spring, venerated Apollo above all the gods. When the Greek hero Diomedes injured the Trojan hero Aeneas, Aphrodite tried to rescue him, but Diomedes injured her as well. Artemis - Goddess of the hunt, archery, and animals. Apollo used his bow and golden arrow to shed light upon an island, where the Argonauts soon took shelter. During the gigantomachy, Apollo and Heracles blinded the giant Ephialtes by shooting him in his eyes, Apollo shooting his left and Heracles his right. This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 21:45. Also of major importance was the Delia held every four years on Delos. Together they had a son named Ileus, whom Apollo loved dearly.[176]. As a protector of the young (kourotrophos), Apollo is concerned with the health and education of children. [64][65][66] Paean was the personification of holy songs sung by "seer-doctors" (), which were supposed to cure disease.[67]. Being Zeus' favorite children, they were given more powers and duties. We recently discussed the importantance of omega-3 fatty acids for maintaining good health. Performing a ritual involving murder. At Delphi, Apollo was venerated as the slayer of the monstrous serpent Python. For other uses, see, God of oracles, healing, archery, music and arts, sunlight, knowledge, herds and flocks, and protection of the young, Krauskopf, I. In order to disguise his tracks he made shoes of bark and he drove the cows backwards through traversing sandy places so that the hoof prints would disappear. Artemis - The Goddess of the Hunt. 8.) He also gave to Apollo various gifts, like a golden tripod, a golden bow and arrows, a golden chariot and the city of Delphi.[167]. Impressively, Apollo defeated the mighty Python at just four days old. There, he was pegged to the rock floor, covering an area of 9 acres (36,000m2), where a pair of vultures feasted daily on his liver. [241], Hyacinth (or Hyacinthus), a beautiful and athletic Spartan prince, was one of Apollo's favourite lovers. She was armed with golden bow and arrows, weapons made by the Cyclopes (the masters of manufacturing weapons for the Gods!). He captured the old people and children and sent them to his army to hold them for ransom. sacred numbers are due to a logic explained in plato. Animals sacred to Apollo included wolves, dolphins, roe deer, swans, cicadas (symbolizing music and song), hawks, ravens, crows, snakes (referencing Apollo's function as the god of prophecy), mice and griffins, mythical eagle-lion hybrids of Eastern origin. Some commonly-used examples are "paion" ( literally "healer" or "helper")[60] "epikourios" (, "succouring"), "oulios" (, "healer, baleful")[61] and "loimios" (, "of the plague"). It is also stated that Hera kidnapped Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, to prevent Leto from going into labor.
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