It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. Population of the country Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. We appreciate you. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. Rt. 3 0 obj w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. /F4 15 0 R Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. Nigeria. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. << The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /Filter /DCTDecode ff>qsfN? Moreover, Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. /Length 14727 ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. You are welcome dear reader. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. Your email address will not be published. % or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. /Font << What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. Your email address will not be published. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. /F6 21 0 R Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. >> For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. Identities can be in terms of ethnicity, culture, religion and other differences," she says. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . What is federalism? "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. 1. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. /Filter /FlateDecode 2. Historical experience 3.2 2. That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. Email Address. The Plural nature of Nigeria. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result.